A wide variety of raw materials and ancillary materials are used in industrial applications. Comprehensive knowledge of their material properties is an absolute prerequisite for using these raw materials for a defined application in technical environments. Hardness tests are a way to determine basic material properties such as hardness/ductility and strength of a material, such as steel. Hardness plays a critical role in the characterization and quality control of materials. The hardness of a steel provides information about its mechanical properties, wear resistance and suitability for specific applications. In this context, various hardness testing methods and scales have been developed to accurately determine and classify the hardness of steel. This article provides an overview of common hardness test methods, an overview of some of the heat treatment options for steel materials, the resulting Vickers hardness levels and their possible applications.

There is the uniform movement wherein a body moves at the same speed at all times, and is neither accelerated nor decelerated.

Non-uniform movement occurs when the speed or direction of a body changes during the movement process, which can lead to acceleration or deceleration. There are two cases: uniform acceleration and non-uniform acceleration.

Linear shafts perform demanding tasks in industrial applications: They permit precise and repeatable linear movements under high mechanical loads. To meet these requirements, proper material selection, hardening, and surface treatment is critical. All of these factors directly affect the service life, precision and performance of a linear shaft. This article introduces these three aspects and highlights their dependencies so you can select the best linear shaft for your application.

Linear ball bearings are important components in many mechanical engineering applications. The function of linear ball bearings is to enable precise and low friction movement along an axis. This article provides important guidance on the selection, installation and maintenance of linear ball bearings, so you can be sure to find the right bearing for your application and get the most out of it.

Pipe fittings are used to securely connect pipes, tubes, and hoses. They are used in pneumatics as well as in hydraulics and other fluid-carrying systems. However, suitable fittings and adapters are also available for pipes under vacuum. As an important component of these systems, it is essential that pipe fittings reliably and securely connect the components to be connected and permanently prevent liquids or gases from entering or exiting. This article introduces different types of pipe fittings and their ideal uses, and will help you choose the best pipe fitting for your application

Controlled environments such as cleanrooms are essential to maintaining product quality, safety and standards in many industries. In semiconductor manufacturing, for example, even the smallest particles can damage the sensitive surfaces or lead to undesirable chemical reactions. But what defines a cleanroom? What conditions must be met and what classes are there? And what cleanroom technology can be used to implement cleanrooms? The following article introduces the concept of cleanroom in more detail, including addressing these questions and standards worldwide.

Stainless steel is a material that is difficult to machine. Machining entails a risk of cold tempering. In addition, machining errors can create attack surfaces for corrosion. The following article answers the frequently asked question "Can stainless steel rust?", provides an overview of problems during machining, various machining methods and selection criteria for the correct tool for machining stainless steel.

Collecting data is a central aspect of modern facilities, especially in the context of digitalization and Industry 4.0. Sensors make this possible. They provide input data and monitor and adapt processes. But what types of sensors are there? How does one select the right sensor for a specific application? This article presents the mode of action and possible applications for various sensors, as well as selection criteria for finding the right sensor.