Dial gauges - Types and Properties (12 4964)

Dial gauges are an integral part of industrial manufacturing. They ensure precision and quality in various technical processes. In our blog, we highlight their importance and present the different types of analog dial gauges, and digital and inductive gauges. We will take a look at modern alternatives and explain how dial gauges are used in manufacturing for tolerance control, machine adjustment and quality inspection. Find out how these measuring instruments improve efficiency and accuracy in industry.

The Importance of Dial Gauges in Industry

Precise and reliable measurements are very important in industrial manufacturing to ensure the quality of products and to efficiently structure manufacturing processes. Measuring tools and measuring equipment plays a central role in quality assurance, machine calibration, and in monitoring manufacturing processes. Learn more about basic measurement methods in quality control in our article on Metrology. The breadth of measuring tools is enormous and ranges from simple hand-held measuring instruments to complex, computer-assisted measuring systems. Each of these instruments is tailored to specific use cases in order to record the necessary measurand precisely and efficiently in different manufacturing environments.

Industrial metrology uses different types of measuring instruments depending on the application and accuracy requirement. In principle, a distinction is made between direct measuring instruments that record absolute values such as length or diameter and comparative measuring instruments that measure deviations from a specified reference.

Dial Gauge Design, Types, and Properties

Dial gauges, for example, are a comparative measuring instrument. They are used to record length measurements or deviations from a defined reference position. A dial gauge is used primarily when the highest accuracy and repeatability are required, for example in industrial quality control, machine adjustments, or workpiece measurements. A dial gauge is frequently used to measure runout deviations, to control tolerances, or to check flatness. For more information on dimensional tolerances and bearing tolerances, please refer to our articles on the basics of dimensional tolerances or on form and position tolerances according to ISO 1101.

The setup of dial gauges varies depending on the type and function of the dial. Generally, dial gauges consist of a housing with a dial, a measuring spindle, and a precise retract system that converts movements into highly precise measurand changes. The measured deviations are made visible by a needle or a digital display.

(1) Face, (2) outer ring, (3) needle, (4) revolution counter, (5) clamping device, (6) display, (7) operating buttons, (8) stem, (9) plunger, (10) contact point

Analog face dial gauges

Analog face dial gauges are among the most widely used measuring instruments in industry and are based on mechanical principles.

A gear or lever system transfers their readings to a face on which a needle indicates the measured deviation. They are used, for example, to measure runout deviations or to monitor tolerances on workpieces. One advantage is their independence from energy sources such as batteries. Since they do not require electronic components, they are also robust and resistant to harsh environmental conditions such as dust or moisture. Analog dial gauges provide high accuracy but depend on the reading accuracy of the operator taking the reading. In our article, Types of fits and tolerances, you will find helpful information on the correct interpretation of analog dial gauge readings.

Thickness gauges

A thickness gauge is used to accurately measure the thickness of materials such as sheet metal, plates or films.

Readings are taken with two measuring surfaces between which the material is placed in order to read the thickness on the dial.

Feeler gauge

A feeler gauge is ideal for measuring hard-to-reach areas or smaller components.

This gauge has a swiveling lever that detects small deviations and accurately displays these on a dial.

Depth gauge

A depth gauge measures the depth of bores, grooves or recesses.

The measuring rod is introduced into the recess and the dial shows the exact depth. These instruments are particularly useful for machining workpieces with deeper recesses.

Digital dial gauges

Unlike analog dial gauges, digital gauges have a numeric display.

These instruments have the advantage that the user can take the reading directly and without any room for interpretation. Digital dial gauges operate either with a capacitive, optical, or electromagnetic system that acquires the measurement data and displays it in real time. Some models provide additional functions, such as the ability to store and transmit data, or to network with other metrology systems. They are ideal for industrial applications that require accurate, repeatable, and fast measurement data acquisition, such as CNC machine calibration. Assuming a suitable connection, digital dial gauges can be easily integrated into automated systems.

Inductive dial gauges

Inductive dial gauges rely on an electromagnetic principle for data acquisition. These dial gauges are particularly precise and are ideally suited for automated metrology systems and high-precision measuring tasks. Inductive dial gauges use a moving pin that can acquire the position of an object or workpiece. The movement of the pin generates a magnetic field that is measured by a sensor and converted into an electrical signal. This signal is then digitally analyzed and provides precise readings. Inductive dial gauges are often used in manufacturing automation and quality assurance as they can be easily integrated into existing electronic systems. Due to their high measurement stability and repeatability, they are a preferred choice in high-precision and automated environments.

Replacement for dial gauges: Modern alternatives and their advantages

Although dial gauges have been a proven method for precision measurements in industry for many years, there are a growing number of alternatives today that can be superior to traditional dial gauges in certain applications. These replacement technologies often provide additional functionality, greater accuracy, better integration with digital systems, or greater flexibility. Some of the most common replacement methods and their benefits compared to traditional dial gauges are explained below.

Non-contact measuring systems

Non-contact measuring systems use physical principles such as sound waves, magnetic fields or optical technologies to measure distances, material properties or positions - without direct contact with the object to be measured. These systems are ideal for applications where the workpiece is sensitive or where measurement is required in hard-to-reach areas. Measuring with non-contact systems, such as ultrasound measuring instruments, offers a fast, precise and wear-free solution that has become established in many industrial fields. Optical measurement systems are a typical example of non-contact measurement systems that use cameras and image processing technologies. They can acquire multiple parameters simultaneously in real time and immediately digitize the readings, and are therefore preferred in automated manufacturing processes. Optical measuring systems for example include triangulation sensors and interferometers.

Laser measuring systems

Laser-based measuring systems are characterized by a non-contact measuring method, which is particularly advantageous in high-precision production and for sensitive workpieces. These measurement systems use laser beams to measure distances, diameters, surface characteristics or positions. Laser measuring systems are extremely precise and can be used even on very small components. Laser trackers, laser distance measuring instruments and laser scanners are examples of laser measuring systems.

Coordinate Measurement Systems

Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are precise measuring instruments capable of accurately acquiring two or three-dimensional coordinates of a workpiece. They generally use several measuring instruments, such as probes, lasers or optical systems, in combination with highly precise coordinate drives to perform precise measurements. These types of measuring instruments, in particular 3D coordinate measuring instruments, are ideal for inspecting complex components and allow complete inspections of the geometry and dimensional accuracy.

Dial Gauges in Industrial Manufacturing: Uses and applications

Dial gauges are used in a variety of applications to ensure the quality of products, to accurately adjust machines, and to optimize production processes. Their ability to detect microscopically small deviations in shape and dimension makes them an indispensable tool for any industrial application that requires high precision.

• Precision measurement of tools: One of the most common uses of dial gauges is to check tolerances and deviations in the production of workpieces. In manufacturing, especially in mechanical engineering, tight tolerance limits are crucial for the quality and functionality of components. Dial gauges are ideal for checking the runout of a rotating part or to ensure that the dimensions of a component remain within the defined tolerance limits.
• Inspection of play and alignment in assembly processes: In industrial assembly, components must be precisely matched to one another. Dial gauges help to ensure proper clearance between components and ensure that all parts are properly aligned. This is important for the correct functioning of mechanical assemblies, since even minor deviations can lead to increased wear or malfunctions.
• Adjustment and setup for machines: Dial gauges are used to adjust and set up machines during the setup process. This applies in particular to CNC machines, lathes and milling machines, for which accuracy and repeatability of the machining processes are of crucial importance.
• Quality inspection and final inspection: Before a product leaves the shop floor, it is checked with dial gages for its compliance with the specifications. This can include the inspection of surface flatness, parallelism or planarity of a workpiece. In mass production processes, dial gauges are a standard instrument to ensure that all parts are identical and within the required tolerances.